4',5,7-三羟基二氢黄酮与人血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱学研究

应用紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱和红外光谱等方法对人血清白蛋白(HSA)与4',5,7-三羟基二氢黄酮(naringenin, NAR)相互作用的机理进行了研究. 紫外光谱显示, 在生理pH下NAR分子中A环7位的酚羟基发生部分解离, 7位酚羟基的解离使A环与B环上羰基形成的共轭体系的紫外吸收峰发生明显红移; 药物与蛋白质的相互作用使该谱带发生了进一步的红移, 说明该共轭体系参与了与蛋白质的相互作用. 在药物与蛋白质浓度比(c_NAR/c_HSA)为0.1～10 的范围内, NAR在HSA上只有一个结合位点(可能位于site I), 结合常数为1.27×10⁵ L•mol^－1 (n＝5, RSD小于5%). 研究了不同pH值条件下药物对蛋白质荧光猝灭的影响, 发现药物分子中的没有解离的活性基团在结合过程中发挥着主导作用. 在缓冲水溶液和重水溶液中分别测定了与药物作用前后蛋白质二级结构的变化. 随着药物浓度的增加, NAR和HSA之间的相互作用使HSA的α-螺旋结构的含量明显降低, 而β-折叠和β-转角结构的含量增加, 无轨结构在药物浓度较高时也有少量的增加. 结合紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱和红外光谱结果, 探讨了HSA与NAR相互作用的模式.     

Fractionation of glycoforms of recombinant human erythropoietin by preparative capillary isotachophoresis

This feasibility study deals with the use of preparative capillary isotachophoresis (CITP), operating in a discontinuous fractionation mode, to the separations and isolations of glycoforms of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). The preparative CITP separations were monitored by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with a hydrodynamically closed separation unit. Such a CZE system, suppressing fluctuations of the migration data linked with fluctuations of EOF and hydrodynamic flow, made possible to evaluate and compare the preparative CITP separations performed within a longer time frame. Preparative CITP, carried out in the separation unit with coupled columns of enhanced sample loadability, separating 100 microg of rhEPO in a run lasting ca. 30 min, gave the production rate higher than 55 ng/s for the rhEPO glycoforms. The preparative separations included valve isolations of the glycoforms from the ITP stack into four or six fractions. Such numbers of the fractions corresponded to typical numbers of the major glycoform peaks as resolved in CZE of rhEPO. With respect to close effective mobilities of the glycoforms and a multicomponent nature of rhEPO, the fractions contained mixtures of glycoforms with the dominant glycoforms enriched 10-100-fold, relative to the original rhEPO sample.     

Gene Amplification and High-Level Expression of Human Pro-Urokinase cDNA in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

Human Pro-Urokinase (Pro-UK) is expressed in CHO-DHFR- cells at high efficiency by co-transfecting the mouse dhfr gene and Pro-UK cDNA under the control of the SV40 late promoter. After gene co-amplification, the product level could reach 2-3 μg/106 cells/24 h in the presence of 5×10-6 mol/ L MTX, and the levels can be further raised to 3. 5-4 μg/106 cells/24 h by PMA superinduction. The copy number of Pro-UK cDNA in the genomes of host cells is about 200-300 copies/cell. The Western blot analysis shows that the recombinant Pro-UK has similar molecular weight to its natural counterpart, and also the amidolytic activity of the product is determined by S-2444 assay.     

Latest advances in zwitterionic structures modified dialysis membranes

End-stage renal diseases are affecting many patients and as a result, demand to receive dialysis service is growing annually. Morbidity and mortality rates are reported to be higher in comparison with healthy humans. The reason is reported to be the hemoincompatiblity of blood purification membranes, which hinders patients’ lives. Activation of different immune systems in the body, in case of blood-membrane interaction, results in several side effects, of which cardiovascular shocks have been mentioned to be a major one. Efforts to solve this issue have resulted in different generations of dialysis membranes. Zwitterionic immobilized membranes are the latest (third) generation, which owns a higher degree of hemocompatiblity with more stability of immobilized structures. This critical review intends to cover recent efforts conducted over the zwitterionization of polymeric membrane surfaces with the goal of improving hemocompatibility. Different aspects of third-generation membranes are discussed for a better understanding of the current gap and gathering the knowledge to further develop the field. Accordingly, this critical survey provides an in-depth understanding of blood purification membranes zwitterionization for paving the way for the optimum enhancement of hemodialysis membrane hemocompatibility.     

Modelisation of the Association Mechanism of a Series of Huperzine Derivatives Used for Alzheimer Disease with Human Serum Albumin: Effect of the Magnesium Cation

The role of the Mg²⁺ cation on huperzine molecule binding (drugs used for Alzheimer disease) on human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by affinity chromatography. The thermodynamic data corresponding to this binding were determined for a wide range of Mg²⁺ concentrations (x). For each solute, the huperzine binding on HSA was divided into two Mg²⁺ concentration regions. For a low x value, below x_c (1.2 mM), the binding decrease with x. For x above x_c the hydrophobic effect and van der Waals interactions between the huperzine molecule and the HSA implied a decrease in its binding. These results showed that for patients with Alzheimer disease, an Mg²⁺ supplementation during treatment with these huperzine molecules can increase the active pharmacological molecule concentration.     

Examination of dye-protein interaction by gel-permeation chromatography

The interaction of Cibacron blue F3G-A with two therapeutic proteins, recombinant human growth hormone and recombinant human interferon-alpha2b, has been examined by applying gel-permeation chromatography in combination with the absorption difference spectroscopy. The complexes of these proteins with Cibacron blue F3G-A have been isolated, and their absorbance spectra have been registered. The influence of Cibacron blue F3G-A on the oligomeric state of proteins has been investigated. It was found that Cibacron blue F3G-A promotes the generation of interferon-alpha2b dimers at pH 5.0.     

血清白蛋白-氯化铜-壳聚糖体系共振瑞利散射法测定壳聚糖

在pH6.5的B-R缓冲溶液中,壳聚糖与血清白蛋白作用,体系的共振散射光谱较弱;当加入Cu2 后,使Cu2 与血清蛋白的浓度比为10∶1时,反应形成三元配合物。三元体系的共振瑞利散射(RRS)光谱显著增强,并形成新的RRS光谱,其光谱增强程度与壳聚糖含量呈线性关系。实验考察了BSA和HSA分别与Cu(和壳聚糖形成的三元体系,以及反应条件和机理,对于BSA体系,其最大RRS峰位于350nm和480nm两处,而HSA体系的最大RRS峰位于340nm处,两个体系的线性范围和检出限分别是0.01~4.0mg/L和3.7μg/L、0.01~6.0mg/L和11μg/L,其RSD均小于4.0%。显然,BSA体系有较高的灵敏度。据此可建立起RRS技术分析测定痕量壳聚糖的简便、快速和高灵敏度的新方法。同时,考察了共存物质的影响,表明方法有较好的选择性。将此法用于测定保健胶囊和自制壳聚糖粗品中壳聚糖的测定,结果满意。     

微波萃取-气相色谱法测定血液中的可卡因及其代谢物爱冈宁甲基酯

建立了血液中可卡因(cocaine, COC)及其代谢物爱冈宁甲基酯(ecgonine methyl ester, EME)的气相色谱-质谱(CG-MS)和气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测(GC-FID)方法。该方法采用微波萃取提取血液中的COC和EME,优化并确定了最佳提取条件: 以氯仿-异丙醇(体积比为9:1)混合溶液为提取溶剂,用0.05 mol/L Na2CO3-NaHCO3缓冲溶液调节样品溶液的pH至10.0,在40 ℃下微波萃取6 min;采用GC-MS对萃取液中的COC和EME进行定性,采用GC-FID进行定量检测。COC和EME的平均回收率分别为79.91%～99.85%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3.10%,检出限(S/N=3)分别为60 mg/L和40 mg/L。该方法无需衍生化,快速、准确、灵敏,可同时检测血液中的COC和EME。     

Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric method for the quantitation of prazepam and its main metabolites in human plasma

A method was developed and fully validated for the quantitation of prazepam and its major metabolites, oxazepam and nordiazepam, in human plasma. Sample pretreatment was achieved by solid-phase extraction using Oasis HLB cartridges. The extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with single-quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) with an electrospray ionization interface. The MS system was operated in the selected ion monitoring mode. HPLC was performed isocratically on a reversed-phase XTerra MS C18 analytical column (150 x 3.0 mm i.d., particle size 5 microm). Diazepam was used as the internal standard for quantitation. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 5.0-1000 ng ml(-1) for all compounds analyzed. The limit of quantitation was 5 ng ml(-1) for all compounds. Quality control samples (5, 10, 300 and 1000 ng ml(-1)) in five replicates from three different runs of analysis demonstrated an intra-assay precision (CV) of < or = 9.1%, an inter-assay precision of < or = 6.0% and an overall accuracy (relative error) of < 4.6%. The method can be used to quantify prazepam and its metabolites in human plasma covering a variety of pharmacokinetic or bioequivalence studies.     

A simple HPLC method for the quantification of mizoribine in human serum: pharmacokinetic applications

A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantification of mizoribine in human serum. After the addition of 70% perchloric acid and 3-methylxanthine (50 microg/mL, internal standard) to human serum, the samples were mixed and centrifuged at 12,000 rpm (1432 g) for 10 min. The supernatant was injected onto a C(18) column eluted with a mobile phase of 20 mm Na2HPO4 and methanol (93:7, v/v, pH 3) containing 0.04% octanesulfonic acid and detected utilizing an ultraviolet detector at 275 nm. The linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.1-4.0 microg/mL and the lower limit of quantification was 0.1 microg/mL. This method was validated with selectivity, linearity, precision and accuracy. In addition, the method was successfully applied to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of mizoribine in Korean subjects following an oral administration of 100 mg mizoribine (two Bredinine 50 mg tablets). The maximum serum concentration (C(max)) of 2.30 +/- 0.83 microg/mL was reached 2.27 +/- 0.66 h after an oral dose. The mean AUC(0-12 h) and the elimination half-life (t(1/2)) were 13.2 +/- 4.79 microg h/mL and 3.10 +/- 0.74 h, respectively.